Soviet Union - Wikipedia. Union of Soviet Socialist. Republics. Nominally a union of multiple subnational Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects. The country was a one- partyfederation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital. The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1. Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced Tsar Nicholas II.

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In 1. 92. 2, the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian, and Byelorussian republics. Following Lenin's death in 1. Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid- 1. Stalin committed the state's ideology to Marxism–Leninism (which he created), and initiated a centrally planned economy.

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As a result, the country underwent a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization. Political paranoia was also fomented around Stalin, and the Great Purge was carried out to remove his opponents from the Communist Party through arbitrary arrests and persecutions of many people. Shortly before World War II, Stalin signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact agreeing to non- aggression with Nazi Germany, after which the two countries invaded Poland in September 1.

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In June 1. 94. 1, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the effort of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad.

The territories overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the USSR. The Cold War emerged by 1. Eastern bloc which united under the Warsaw Pact in 1. Western states which united under NATO in 1.

Following Stalin's death in 1. The Soviet Union took an early lead in the Space Race, with the first ever satellite and the first human spaceflight. In the 1. 97. 0s, there was a brief d.

The Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1. Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist governments. This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well. The government initiated a referendum, boycotted by some Soviet republics, which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation. In August 1. 99. 1, an abortive coup d'. The Russian President Boris Yeltsin played a high- profile role in facing down the coup. On 2. 5 December 1.

Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post- Soviet states. The Russian Federation—formerly the Russian SFSR—assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as the primary legal successor of the Soviet Union.

For example, in the Russian Empire, the State Council, which functioned from 1. Council of Ministers after the revolt of 1. Stalin initially resisted the proposal, but ultimately accepted it, although – with Lenin's agreement – he changed the name of the newly proposed state to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, although all the republics began as Socialist Soviet and did not change to the other order until 1. In addition, in the national languages of several republics the word . It was also informally called . The eastern part in Asia extended to the Pacific Ocean to the east and Afghanistan to the south, and, except some areas in Central Asia, was much less populous.

It spanned over 1. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert, and mountains. The Soviet Union had the world's longest border, like Russia, measuring over 6. Two- thirds of it was a coastline. Across the Bering Strait was the United States. The Soviet Union bordered Afghanistan, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Hungary, Iran, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Romania, and Turkey from 1.

The Soviet Union's highest mountain was Communism Peak (now Ismoil Somoni Peak) in Tajikistan, at 7,4. The Soviet Union also included most of the world's largest lake, the Caspian Sea (shared with Iran), and Lake Baikal, the world's largest freshwater and deepest lake, an internal body of water in Russia.

History. The last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, ruled the Russian Empire until his abdication in March 1. February Revolution, due in part to the strain of fighting in World War I, which lacked public support. A short- lived Russian Provisional Government took power, to be overthrown in the October Revolution (N. S. 7 November 1. 91. Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. Despite the foundation of the Soviet state as a federative entity of many constituent republics, each with its own political and administrative entities, the term .

Although serfdom was abolished in 1. A parliament—the State Duma—was established in 1.

Russian Revolution of 1. Tsar Nicholas II resisted attempts to move from absolute to constitutional monarchy. Social unrest continued and was aggravated during World War I by military defeat and food shortages in major Soviet cities. A spontaneous popular uprising in Petrograd, in response to the wartime decay of Russia's economy and morale, culminated in the February Revolution and the toppling of the imperial government in March 1. The tsarist autocracy was replaced by the Russian Provisional Government, which intended to conduct elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and to continue fighting on the side of the Entente in World War I. At the same time, workers' councils, known in Russian as .

The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, pushed for socialist revolution in the Soviets and on the streets. On 7 November 1. 91.

Red Guards stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd, ending the rule of the Provisional Government and leaving all political power to the Soviets. This event would later be known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. In December, the Bolsheviks signed an armistice with the Central Powers, though by February 1. In March, the Soviets ended involvement in the war for good and signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk. A long and bloody Civil War ensued between the Reds and the Whites, starting in 1. Reds' victory. It included foreign intervention, the execution of the former tsar and his family, and the famine of 1. Soviet Russia had to resolve similar conflicts with the newly established Republic of Finland, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Latvia, and the Republic of Lithuania.

Unification of republics. The Russian SFSR as a part of the USSR in 1. The formal proclamation was made from the stage of the Bolshoi Theatre. On 1 February 1. 92. USSR was recognized by the British Empire.

The same year, a Soviet Constitution was approved, legitimizing the December 1. An intensive restructuring of the economy, industry and politics of the country began in the early days of Soviet power in 1. A large part of this was done according to the Bolshevik Initial Decrees, government documents signed by Vladimir Lenin. One of the most prominent breakthroughs was the GOELRO plan, which envisioned a major restructuring of the Soviet economy based on total electrification of the country. The plan was developed in 1.

It included construction of a network of 3. Debate over the future of the economy provided the background for a power struggle in the years after Lenin's death in 1.

Initially, Lenin was to be replaced by a . Lenin had appointed Stalin the head of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate, which gave Stalin considerable power. By gradually consolidating his influence and isolating and outmaneuvering his rivals within the party, Stalin became the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union and, by the end of the 1. In October 1. 92.

Grigory Zinoviev and Leon Trotsky were expelled from the Central Committee and forced into exile. In 1. Watch The Apocalypse full movie with subtitles in 720 more. 92. 8, Stalin introduced the First Five- Year Plan for building a socialist economy. In place of the internationalism expressed by Lenin throughout the Revolution, it aimed to build Socialism in One Country. In industry, the state assumed control over all existing enterprises and undertook an intensive program of industrialization. In agriculture, rather than adhering to the . Stalin's Great Purge resulted in the execution or detainment of many .

According to declassified Soviet archives, in 1. NKVD arrested more than one and a half million people, of whom 6. Over those two years that averages to over one thousand executions a day.

Snyder claims that archival evidence suggests a maximum excess mortality of nine million during the entire Stalin era. From 1. 93. 2 to 1. Soviet Union participated in the World Disarmament Conference. In 1. 93. 3, diplomatic relations between the United States and the USSR were established when in November, the newly elected President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt chose to formally recognize Stalin's Communist government and negotiated a new trade agreement between the two nations.

After the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1. USSR actively supported the Republican forces against the Nationalists, who were supported by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

In December 1. 93. Stalin unveiled a new Soviet Constitution.

The constitution was seen as a personal triumph for Stalin, who on this occasion was described by Pravda as a . In 1. 93. 9, almost a year after the United Kingdom and France had concluded the Munich Agreement with Germany, the USSR dealt with the Nazis as well, both militarily and economically during extensive talks. The two countries concluded the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the German–Soviet Commercial Agreement in August 1. The nonaggression pact made possible Soviet occupation of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and eastern Poland. In late November of the same year, unable to coerce the Republic of Finland by diplomatic means into moving its border 2. Leningrad, Joseph Stalin ordered the invasion of Finland.

In the east, the Soviet military won several decisive victories during border clashes with the Empire of Japan in 1. Stream Inner Diva online with english subtitles 1080. However, in April 1.

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